![]() ![]() The twenty-four items factored into eight dimensions. Licensing, location of public relations on the organizational chart and inclusion of public relations in the dominant coalition were viewed as most lacking in a standard of professional performance. Respondents tended to view ethical guidelines, accreditation and writing/editing skills as enjoying well established standards. Survey respondents assessed the extent to which a standard of professionalism currently exists for each of the twenty-four items. Based on a review of literature and the interview phase of the current study, twenty-four elements of professional performance were operationalized in the survey. ![]() Spin was more common in studies that had some component of industry funding.Ī survey instrument derived from sixty in-depth interviews was administered to 598 public relations professionals across the nation with a 42 percent response rate. Authors most commonly incorporated spin into their reports by focusing on statistically significant results for secondary outcomes or subgroup analyses when the primary outcome was statistically nonsignificant. Spin was prevalent in the selected randomized controlled trial, emergency medicine abstracts. ![]() In the abstracts’ conclusions, spin was most often due to authors’ claiming they accomplished an objective that was not a prespecified endpoint (n=14). In the abstracts’ results, evidence of spin was most often due to authors’ emphasizing a statistically significant subgroup analysis (n=9). Industry-funded trials were more likely to have evidence of spin in the abstract (unadjusted odds ratio 3.4 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 11.9). Spin was found in 50 of 114 abstracts (44.3%). Of 772 abstracts screened, 114 randomized controlled trials reported statistically nonsignificant primary endpoints. We considered evidence of spin if trial authors focused on statistically significant results, interpreted statistically nonsignificant results as equivalent or noninferior, used favorable rhetoric in the interpretation of nonsignificant results, or claimed benefit of an intervention despite statistically nonsignificant results. Investigators screened records for inclusion and extracted data for spin. This study investigated spin in abstracts of emergency medicine randomized controlled trials from emergency medicine literature, with studies from 2013 to 2017 from the top 5 emergency medicine journals and general medical journals. We aim to investigate spin in emergency medicine abstracts, using a sample of randomized controlled trials from high-impact-factor journals with statistically nonsignificant primary endpoints. Meaning matters in the enactment and critical assessment of public relations’ role in societal agency. We suggest and conceptualize in a model that societal memory occurs as a dialectic some etched version of history (i.e., thesis) comes under question (i.e., antithesis), and through either a process of blurring, erasure, or retention, that etched history is then muddied, expunged, or lives on (i.e., synthesis). After examining memory, including blurring, we use the JanuUnited States presidential election (Congressional Certification) Capitol “protest event” to demonstrate how blurring occurs and its potential adverse implications. To better understand this process, scholarship needs to examine strategic public relations efforts to “blur” societal memory as a means of creating alternative versions (revisionist history) of lived truth, values, norms, and policies. ![]() Scholars have explored the role public relations plays in societal memory by examining, for instance, the textuality of art as well as memorials and statues, their erection and erasure. Public relations’ centrality to societal memory remains an underappreciated and underexplored research area. Two, the content of their prevailing memories shapes the choices individuals make separately and collectively. One, societal memory is a useful concept for understanding the strategic processes of meaning and meaning making, narratives which constitute society. The public relations practice participates in making, shaping, telling, and interpreting societal memory to influence issue positions and related actions. ![]()
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